Despite treatment with these therapies, there are some people with highly active MS who experience continued relapses, new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, or disability worsening. These available treatments achieve their efficacy via a variety of different mechanisms of action but also exhibit varying degrees of overall effectiveness, safety, and tolerability. The availability of an increasingly wide array of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS), including the currently more than 20 US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies, illustrates remarkable progress in treatment of the disease. Dana Horakova Katherine Buzzard Murat Terzi Alexandre Prat Marc Girard Pierre Grammond Michael Barnett Grace Stewart Marco Onofrj Guillermo Izquierdo Sara Eichau Francois Grand'Maison Julie Prevost Bart Van Wijmeersch Maria Pia Amato Vahid Shaygannejad Cavit Boz Ricardo Fernandez Bolaños Aysun Soysal Cristina Ramo-Tello Claudio Solaro Claudio Gobbi Jose Antonio Cabrera-Gomez Etienne Roullet Cees Zwanikken Leontien Den braber-Moerland Norma Deri Maria Laura Saladino Edgardo Cristiano Juan Ignacio Rojas Carlos Vrech Cameron Shaw Neil Shuey Mike Boggild Ik Lin Tan Todd Hardy Danny Decoo Fraser Moore Jiwon Oh Patrice Lalive Radek Ampapa Thor Petersen Celia Oreja-Guevara Angel Perez Sempere Jose Andres Dominguez Sarah Besora Stella Hughes Orla Gray Nikolaos Grigoriadis Imre Piroska Csilla Rozsa Krisztian Kasa Magdolna Simo Krisztina Kovacs Attila Sas Eniko Dobos Cecilia Rajda Chris McGuigan Deborah Mason Jan Schepel Jabir Alkhaboori Maria Edite Rio Simu Mihaela Talal Al-Harbi Ayse Altintas Ilya Kister Mark Marriott Trevor Kilpatrick John King Ai-Lan Nguyen Chris Dwyer Mastura Monif Izanne Roos Lisa Taylor Matteo Diamanti Clara Chisari Simona Toscano Lo Fermo Salvatore Catherine Larochelle Giovanna De Luca Valeria Di Tommaso Daniela Travaglini Erika Pietrolongo Maria di Ioia Deborah Farina Luca Mancinelli Raymond Hupperts Javier Olascoaga Albert Saiz Robert Zivadinov Ralph Benedict Freek Verheul Marzena Fabis-Pedrini Saloua Mrabet, MD Justin Garber, MBBS Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, MD Eduardo Aguera-Morales, MD Yolanda Blanco, MD Abdullah Al-Asmi, MD Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, MD Yara Fragoso, MD Koen de Gans, MD Allan Kermode, MD, PhD ![]() Tomas Kalincik, MD, PhD Sifat Sharmin, PhD Izanne Roos, MBChB, PhD Mark S. Freedman, MD Harold Atkins, MD Joachim Burman, MD, PhD Jennifer Massey, MBBS, PhD Ian Sutton, MBBS, PhD Barbara Withers, MD, PhD Richard Macdonell, MD, PhD Andrew Grigg, MD, PhD Øivind Torkildsen, MD, PhD Lars Bo, MD, PhD Anne Kristine Lehmann, MD, PhD Eva Kubala Havrdova, MD, PhD Eva Krasulova, MD, PhD Marek Trněný, MD, PhD Tomas Kozak, MD, PhD Anneke van der Walt, MBBS, PhD Helmut Butzkueven, MBBS, PhD Pamela McCombe, MBBS Olga Skibina, MBBS Jeannette Lechner-Scott, MD, PhD Barbara Willekens, MD, PhD Elisabetta Cartechini, MD Serkan Ozakbas, MD Raed Alroughani, MD Jens Kuhle, MD, PhD Francesco Patti, MD Pierre Duquette, MD Alessandra Lugaresi, MD, PhD Samia J. Khoury, MD, PhD Mark Slee, MD, PhD Recai Turkoglu, MD Suzanne Hodgkinson, MD Nevin John, MD, PhD Davide Maimone, MD Maria Jose Sa, MD Vincent van Pesch, MD, PhD Oliver Gerlach, MD, PhD Guy Laureys, MD Liesbeth Van Hijfte, MD Rana Karabudak, MD Daniele Spitaleri, MD Tunde Csepany, MD, PhD Riadh Gouider, MD Tamara Castillo-Triviño, MD Bruce Taylor, MD, PhD Basil Sharrack, MD, PhD John A. Snowden, MD, PhD MSBase Study Group Collaborators MSBase Study Group Authors
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